|
La perspective permet de donner l’impression d’une troisième dimension dans un espace |
bidimensionnel (pictural); c’est donc un moyen de représenter la profondeur. |
Les différents types de perspective |
Il existe différents types de perspectives. Nous nous attarderons aux perspectives suivantes: |
à diminution, à chevauchement, aérienne et à point de fuite. |
1 La perspective à diminution
|
Une grande forme dessiné dans l’image paraît plus proche de nous (au premier plan); |
une forme réduite paraît plus éloignée (à l’arrière plan).
![](http://webetab.ac-bordeaux.fr/Primaire/64/bayonne/eps/Bruegel/tableau.JPG)
2 La perspective à chevauchement
|
La perspective à chevauchement concerne la superposition des éléments qui sont représentés par plan. |
Dans une image, lorsqu’une forme en chevauche d’autres, les formes partiellement |
cachés semblent être à l’arrière plan.
![](data:image/jpeg;base64,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)
|
|
3 La perspective atmosphérique :
La perspective atmosphérique ou « aérienne » consiste à créer l’illusion de la profondeur par l’utilisation de dégradés de tons ou de couleurs qui s’estompent avec la distance.
![G D FRIEDRICH Le voyageur au-dessus de la mer de brume 1818 .](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Caspar_David_Friedrich_-_Der_Wanderer_%C3%BCber_dem_Nebelmeer.jpg)